- Human genome consists of >3 billion base pairs
- Organised into 20,000 genes
- Took approximately 13 years to sequence the entire genome
- It was accomplished using bioinformatics (the science of collecting and analysing complex biological data i.e. genetic codes)
Project aims:
- Identify all the genes of the human genome
- Determine locus of genes
- Determine sequence of base pairs that make up human DNA
- Functions of different genes
- Publish results for free use
DNA Sequencing
- Determining the complete DNA base sequence utilises Whole-Genome Shotgun (WGS) sequencing.
- DNA is cut into small pieces
- Each smaller section is easily sequenced
- Computer algorithms align overlapping segments to assemble entire genome
Single Nucleotides Polymorphisms (SNPs)
- Most common type of genetic variation among people
- Each SNP represents a difference in a nucleotide
- The location of these SNPs on the DNA sequence allows for genetic screenings of these known areas so if a person is a carrier it can be easily determined (without having to sequence the entire human genome again)
The Proteome
- The entire set of proteins expressed by a genome at a given type of cell or organism at a given time under specified conditions
- b. not all genes, and therefore not all proteins are produced, and are therefore excluded
Human Genome Map
- All the DNA found in the human is located on the
Human Microbiome Project
- Aimed to map and identifying the microorganisms which are found in association with both healthy and diseased humans